Evrengzib Alamgir Khan (1658\u20131707) was the most powerful Baburid ruler and a devout Muslim. Under his authority, three major
\nlegal works were produced: the Fat\u0101w\u0101-i \u02bf\u0100lamg\u012br\u012b, the Administrative Code, and the Ta\u02bfz\u012br\u0101t, all aiming to systematize Islamic law in governance.
\nIslamic states primarily codified existing fiqh rulings rather than legislating independently. The Fat\u0101w\u0101-i \u02bf\u0100lamg\u012br\u012b represents the most comprehensive Hanafi legal compilation in South Asia and later influenced colonial legal practice.
\nTa\u02bfz\u012br punishments address crimes without fixed penalties in Shar\u012b\u02bfah and are determined by state authority. Awrangz\u012bb\u2019s Ta\u02bfz\u012br\u0101t parallels Ottoman penal codes and formalized discretionary punishment.<\/p>\n
The Timurid Dynasty is presented as a continuation of the Timurid dynasty founded by Emir Timur. Babur established the Timurid Dynasty in India in 1526. The Ta\u02bfz\u012br\u0101t manuscript, written in Persian and preserved in Iran, is believed to be the only surviving copy and reflects a systematic codification of ta\u02bfz\u012br punishments.<\/p>\n
Ta\u02bfz\u012br includes punishments for sinful acts, public order violations, and minor offenses. Punishments range from admonition to
\nimprisonment and capital punishment, aiming to preserve public order.
\nTa\u02bfz\u012br punishments must align with Shar\u012b\u02bfah, be proportional, deterrent, and equally applied. Judicial discretion is limited by ethical and legal principles.
\nBoth Babur state and Ottoman systems adopted the Hanafi madhhab, codified Shar\u012b\u02bfah through fiqh texts, and regulated ta\u02bfz\u012br via
\nqanunn\u0101mes, reflecting a shared Islamic legal tradition.
\nThe Ta\u02bfz\u012br\u0101t Qanunn\u0101me of the Timurid Dynasty demonstrates a sophisticated Shar\u012b\u02bfah-compliant criminal law system comparable to the Ottoman model.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Reference: ISBN 978-94-91898-50-1<\/span><\/p>\n Condition: New product<\/p>\n Auteur: Ahmet Akgunduz<\/p>\n Rotterdam: IUR Press, 2026<\/p>\n Pagina’s: 140 pp.<\/p>\n ISBN: 978-94-91898-50-1<\/span><\/p>\n Cover: Paperback<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":7624,"template":"","meta":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[22],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-7623","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-risale-i-nur","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"featured","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iurpress.nl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/product\/7623","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iurpress.nl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iurpress.nl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iurpress.nl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7624"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iurpress.nl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7623"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iurpress.nl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fproduct_brand&post=7623"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iurpress.nl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fproduct_cat&post=7623"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iurpress.nl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fproduct_tag&post=7623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}